Leak detection apparatus

ABSTRACT

The improved fuel dispensing system described herein includes an improved leak detecting device located in a conduit between a remote fuel pump and a fuel dispenser. A valve is mounted in the dispenser to trap a portion of the fuel between the leak detection device and the valve. If a leak exists in the system, and that leak is above a predetermined rate, a piston in the leak detection apparatus shifts under a pressure differential to block a valve in the leak detection apparatus so that it cannot open and permit full flow. The operator of the dispenser will, upon the next operation of the dispenser, realize that a leak is present in the system due to the restricted flow. The leak detection apparatus is arranged so that the pressure of the trapped fluid is measured for a predetermined period of time. If a leak does not occur during this time, the system operates at full flow during subsequent operation. If a leak is detected during the measuring period, then the flow rate is severly reduced as previously mentioned.

United States Patent 1 [111 3,788,127

Marsh Jan. 29, 1974 LEAK DETECTION APPARATUS [57] ABSTRACT 75 Inventor; Ban-y Marsh, Bridgeport, Conn The improved fuel dispensing system described herein includes an improved leak detecting device located in [73] Ass1gnee: Dresser Industries, Inc., Dallas, Tex. a conduit baween a remote fuel pump and a fuel 22 Filed; Dee 2 1971 penser. A valve is mounted in the dispenser to trap a portion of the fuel between the leak detection device [2]] Appl- 213,029 and the valve. If a leak exists in the system, and that leak is above a predetermined rate, a piston in the [52] U.S. Cl 73/40, 137/494, 222/52 leak detection apparatus Shifts under a P" differ- 51 1m. (:1. GOlm 3/26 amial to block a valve in the leak detection apparatus 58 Field of Search 222/52; 73/40, 40.5 so that it Cannot p and Permit full flow. The p tor of the dispenser will, upon the next operation of 5 R f n Cited the dispenser, realize that a leak is present in the sys- UNITED STATES PATENTS tem due to the restricted flow. The leak detection apparatus is arranged so that the pressure of the trapped Deters is easu ed or a predetermined period of 3,l83,723 5/1965 Deters 222/52 X If a leak does not occur durin th 3,439,837 4/1969 Hearn 222/52 g e 5Y5 em Primary Examinerl-larold W. Weakley Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert W. Mayer et al.

operates at full flow during subsequent operation. If a leak is detected during the measuring period, then the flow rate is severly reduced as previously mentioned.

3 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures ATENTEUJAH Z 8 ISM SHEET 1 [1F 2 FIG. I

SYSTEM PRESSURE TIMING ACCUMULATOR FIG. 2

PRESSURE INVENTOR BARRY 7'. MARSH STOP PUMP T ME (SECONDS) KMMWM FIG. 3

ATTORNEY mgmrinmzs ISM 788. 1 2? sum: or 2 FIG.5

INVENTOR BARRY 7'. MARSH PRESSURE TIMING ACCUMULATOR TIME (SECONDS) STOP PUMP PR ESSURE TIMING ACCUMULATOR DISPLACEMENT TEM PRESSURE FIG. 4v

FIG. 7

ATTORNEY STOP PUMP TIME (SECONDS) LEAK DETECTION APPARATUS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to improved leak detection systems. More particularly, but not by way of limitation,

this invention relates to an improved leak detection device for incorporation in a fuel dispensing system.

Similar leak detection systems have been constructed in the past. U.S. Pat. No. 2,952,387, issued Sept. 13, 1960, to K. Fowler, et al., discloses one such previously constructed system. While systems of the type described therein have functioned generally satisfactorily, they include a leak detection device that can be actuated by the operator after a leak has been detected to reestablish full fuel flow through the dispensing system. It has been found that operators are hesitant to make the sometimes extensive and expensive repairs needed if they can continue with the full dispensing operation.

It is therefore one object of this invention to provide a leak detection apparatus and system in which full flow cannot be re-established after a leak has been detected without correcting the leak.

Another object of this invention is to provide an improved leak detection system and apparatus that is simpler in construction and incorporates less parts in the overall system than did the earlier known leak detection apparatus and systems.

A further object of this invention is to provide an improved leak detection apparatus that is relatively simple in construction and operation and that requires little or no maintenance during its service life.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved leak detection apparatus that automatically checks for a leak immediately after cessation of the dispensing operation and over a very short period of time to avoid false leak indications due to changes in volume in the trapped fluid resulting from temperature variations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention provides improved leak detection apparatus and systems that comprise; a body having a flow passageway therethrough, an annular seat encircling the passageway, a first and second chamber in fluid communication with the flow passageway upstream and downstream of the valve seat, respectively, and a passageway extending between the chambers. A

, valve member is positioned in the body for movement toward and away from the valve seat and is provided with a resilient member urging the valve member toward the valve seat. A piston is disposed in the passageway interconnecting the chambers and is so' constructed to be subject to the differential and pressure existing between the chambers for movement between a position wherein the valve member can move its full extent away from the valve seat and thus provide full flow and a position wherein the piston is engageable with the valve member to prevent the full movement of the valve member away from the seat and thus provide a restricted flow through the valve upon detection of a leak in the system.

The foregoing and additional objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent as the following detailed description is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters denote like parts in all views.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an improved leak detection system constructed in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic illustrating a portion of the improved leak detection apparatus incorporated in the system.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the relative pressures within the dispensing system when there is no leak.

FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2, but illustrating the leak detection apparatus when a leak has been detected in the system.

FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the pressure relationships in the system upon detection of a leak.

FIG. 6 is still another view similar to FIGS. 2 and 4,

but illustrating the position of the various components of the leak detection apparatus after the leak has been repaired and automatic reset has occurred.

FIG. 7 is another graph illustrating the relationship of the pressures in the system during the automatic reset of the leak detection apparatus.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to the drawing and to FIG. 1 in particular, shown therein is a dispensing system incorporating they leak detection system constructed'in accordance with the invention. The dispensing system includes a dispenser 10 connected by means of fuel conduit 12 with a fuel conduit 14 that extends to a pump head 16 which includes a leak detection device 18 (See FIG. 2). The pump head 16 is connected in fluid communication with a submersible pump 19 that is disposed in a fuel reservoir 20.

The dispenser 10 includes a register or computing apparatus 22 that generally indicates the total number of gallons of fuel dispensed as well as the price of the fuel dispensed. The register 22 is driven by a meter 24 through which fuel flows to a dispensing hose and noz zle assembly 26. A valve 28 is located in the conduit 12 between the conduit 14 and the meter 24 in a position to cut off flow to the meter and the dispensing nozzle assembly 26.

A switch lever 30 positioned on the dispenser 10 is arranged to open and close the valve 28 as well as to actuate the submersible pump 19 when it is desired to dispense fuel. As shown, the dispenser 10 is in sche matic form and it will be understood that there are many commonly used arrangements for the apparatus described as being a portion of the dispenser 10.

As shown in FIG. 2, the leak detection device 18 includes a body 32, which may be constructed as a portion of the pump head 16, or may be a separate member for attachment thereto or insertion therein. The

body 32 has a main flow passageway 34 extending therethrough that is connected at its inlet end 36 with the outlet of the submersible pump 19 and at its outlet end 38 with the conduit 14.

An annnular valve seat 40 encircles the passageway 34 and is arranged to be sealingly engaged by a valve member 42 that is moveably located in the body 32. The valve member 42 includes an upwardly extending stem 44 for purposes that will be described hereinafter. Encircling the stem 44 is a compression spring 46 that has one end in engagement with body 32 and the other end in engagement with the valve member 42 and to provide a force on the valve member 43 biasing it toward engagement with the valve seat 40.

The body 32 also includes a timing chamber 48 having a moveable partition 50 located therein. The partition 50 has an annular seal 52 on its periphery that forms a fluid-tight seal with the body 32. A compression spring 54 located in the chamber 48 has one end in engagement with the upper side of the partition 50 and the other end in engagement with the body 32 to bias the moveable partition 50 toward the lower end of the chamber 48 and, thus, force any fuel that may be in the chamber 48 outwardly through a passageway 56 in the lower end thereof.

The passageway 56 extends into communication with the passageway 34 upstream of the valve seat 40. A check valve 58 is positioned in the passageway 72 to permit fluid flow through the passageway 57 from the passageway 34 into the chamber 48 but to'prevent flow therethrough in the opposite direction. A passageway 60 parallel with passageway 57 connects with the passageway 72 at one end and passageway 34 at the other. Preferably, the passageway 60 is sized or includes an orifice so that fuel being discharged from the chamber 48 will require a predetermined time to empty the chamber 48.

The body 32 includes a second or leak-rate chamber 62 that is connected by a passageway 64 with the passageway 34 near its outlet 38 on the downstream side of the valve seat 40. Located in the chamber 62 is a moveable partition 66 that has an annular seal 68 on its periphery that slidingly and sealingly engages the body 32. A compression spring 70 in the chamber 62 exerts a biasing force on the moveable partition 66 urging it toward the lower end of the chamber 62 and forcing fuel that may be contained therein outwardly through the passageway 64. The passageway 64 is either sized or includes an orifice that is properly sized to permit discharge of the fuel from the chamber 62 at a predetermined rate which will be sufficient to restore fuel lost from the dispensing system at a rate below the desired detection leakage rate.

A passageway 72 extends between the passageway 56 and the passageway 64. The passageway 72 includes an enlarged portion 74 in which a piston 76 is moveably positioned.

The piston 76 is shorter than the length of the enlarged portion 74 of the passageway 72 to permit a reciprocation of the piston 76. An annular seal 78 encircles the enlarged portion 74 and is disposed in sealing engagement with the exterior of the piston 76. The arrangement of the piston 76 is such that movement thereof is caused by a differential in pressure between the passageway 56 and the passageway 64. I

A lateral opening 80 extends from the enlarged portion 74 of the passageway 72 into the main flow passageway 34. The lateral opening 80 is of sufficient size to receive the stem 44 of the valve member 42. It should also be pointed out that the lateral opening 80 is located relatively near the end of the enlarged portion 74 adjacent to the passageway 64 so that when the piston 76 is moved to the left as seen in FIG. 2, the stem 44 can move upwardly into the enlarged passageway 74 without engaging the piston 76.

OPERATION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT With the leak detection apparatus installed in the dispensing system as previously described, and with no leaks existing in the system, it will be understood that actuation of the switch lever opens the valve 28 and actuates the submersible pump 19. Fuel from the reservoir 20 is forced through the passageway 34 by the pump 19 lifting the valve member 42 off the seat 40, through the conduits l4 and 12 past the valve 28 and meter 24 and outwardly through the hose and nozzle assembly 26 for ultimate delivery to the consumer.

When the dispensing operation has been completed, switch lever 30 is returned to the off position closing the valve 28 and cutting off the submersible pump 19. The valve member 42, under the urging of the spring 46, returns into sealing engagement with the seat thereby trapping fuel in the conduits l4 and 12 between the valve 28 and the valve member 42.

During the dispensing operation, fuel flowing through the passageway 34 entered the passageways 57 and 60 flowing upwardly into the timing chamber 48 displacing the partition upwardly aginst the spring 54. Simultaneously, fuel in the passageway 34 passed upwardly through the passageway 64 filling the leak rate chamber or accumulator 62 and displacing the moveable partition 66 therein upwardly against the spring 70.

As previously mentioned, there was no leak in the system at this time, and therefore, the piston 76 has an equal pressure exerted on each end. Since there is no pressure differential existing across the piston 76, the piston 76 remains in the position illustrated in FIG. 2 and normal full flow dispensing operations can take place when desired.

When the dispensing operation was completed, the check valve 58 in the passageway 56 closed, forcing fuel in the chamber 48 to flow through the parallel bypass passageway to the passageway 34 on the upstream side of the valve seat 40. Since the passageway 60 meters the discharge rate from the chamber 48, the emptying of the chamber 48 occurs over a period of time, preferably about 20 seconds, as illustrated in the graph FIG. 3.

In that figure, it can be seen that the timing accumulator pressure, that is the pressure in the chamber 48, decreases from about 30 psig to about 5 psig during the 20 second interval. It can also be seen in FIG. 3 that the system pressure, that is the pressure trapped in the conduits l4 and 12, remains at a relatively stable value that is substantially above the timing accumulator pressure. Thus, it can be appreciated that a differential in pressure exists across the piston 76 from the right to the left as seen in FIG. 2 and acts to retain the piston 76 in the position shown therein.

Assuming that a leak occurs during a dispensing operation, there will be no indication of the leak while the submersible pump 19 is in operation. Upon completion of the dispensing operation, closure of the valve 28 and the shut down of the pump 19, fuel is trapped in the conduits 14 and 12 as previously described. Since a leak has occurred, the pressure in the conduits l2 and 14 begins to decrease. If the rate of leakage is greater than can be replenished by the discharge of the chamber 62 through the passageway 64, the pressure in the chamber 48 and in the passageway 56 will be greater than the pressure in the passageway 64. The result of the differential in pressure is to exert a force on the piston 76 moving the piston 76 to the right as seen in FIG. 4. Such movement positions the piston 76 immediately above the stem 44 of the valve member 42 preventing the system pressure has dropped very rapidly so that it is below the gradually decreasing pressure in the timing accumlator, that is, in the chamber 48 so that the resulting differential pressure across the piston 76 is from left to right as seen in FIG. 4.

Subsequent operation of the dispenser with the limited flow rate, will not alter the location of the piston 76 since the chamber 48 and the chamber 62 fill at the same pressure during such dispensing operations so that the pressure is equal on each end of the piston 76. With the absence of a differential in pressure across the piston 76, it remains in the right hand position blocking the valve member 42 as illustrated in FIG. 4.

The leak detection device 18 of this invention cannot be reset as long as the leak is present in the system. The device 18 is arranged to automatically reset after the leak has been repaired. After the leak has been repaired and after a dispensing operation has taken place at the restricted flow rate, the dispenser is shut down trapping fuel in the conduits 12 and 14. The chambers 48 and 62 are filled during the dispensing operation as previously described.

Since the leak has been repaired, the fuel in the conduits l2 and 14 has a pressure of approximately 30 psi which is exerted through the passageway 64 upon the moveable partition 66 located in the chamber 62. The valve member 42 is in the closed position as illustrated in FIG. 6. As fuel is discharged from the chamber 48 with the downward movement of the partition 50, the fuel flows through the passageway 60 into the passageway 34 upstream of the valve seat 40. As the fuel flows therethrough, the pressure on the piston 76, that is the pressure on the left hand'end thereof as seen in FIG. 6, will decrease as illustrated in the graph of FIG. 7. Since system pressure is maintained on-the right hand side of the piston 76, the piston 76 is displaced to the left to a position where it can not be engaged by the valve stem 44 during subsequent dispensing operations.

The displacement of the piston 76 does increase the volume of the system and a slight pressure decrease occurs as illustrated in FIG. 7. However, the moveable partition 66, under the urging of the spring 70, discharges fuel from the chamber 62 through the passageway 64 to maintain sufficient pressure in the system upstream of the seat 42 to complete displacement of the piston 76. As can be seen clearly in FIG. 7 the system' pressure remains above the timing accumulator pressure, that is the pressure that is exerted on the left hand end of the piston 76, so that a differential in pressure is maintained thereacross sufficient to displace the pis-' ton 76 to the non-engaging position illustrated in FIG.

From the foregoing detailed description, it can be seen that the leak detection system and apparatus of this invention is relatively simple in construction with few,moving parts so that the maintenance and service is reduced to the minimum.

Furthermore, it can be seen that the leak detection apparatus described will clearly indicate the presence of a leak and, yet, cannot be readily reset unless the leak is repaired. Thus, an operator of the dispensing system is by necessity required to repair any leaks before he can dispense fuel at the full flow rate.

It can also be seen that the device 18 has a built-in timing circuit which senses the system for leaks over a relatively short period so that there will not be sufficient time for temperature variations to cause false indication of leaks.

It will be understood that the foregoing detailed description is presented by way of example only and that many changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. Improved leak detection apparatus comprising:

body means having a flow passageway extending therethrough, an annular valve seat encircling said passageway, a leak-rate chamber in communication with said passageway downstream of said valve seat, a timing chamber in communication with said passageway upstream of said valve seat, and passage means extending between said chambers;

a valve member located in said flow passageway for movement toward and away from said valve seat;

means biasing said valve member toward said valve seat;

pressure responsive means in said chambers;

a pressure responsive member located in said passage means and responsive to a pressure differential between said chambers for movement between a position wherein said valve member can move away from said valve seat permitting full flow through said passageway and a position engaging said valve member to limit the movement of said valve member away from said valve seat restricting flow through said passageway;

means for controlling the rate of discharge from said timing chamber into said passageway upstream of said valve seat whereby said timing chamber will empty in a predetermined period of about twenty seconds; and,

means for controlling the rate of discharge from said leak-rate chamber into said passageway downstream of said valve seat for maintaining pressure downstream of said valve seat to avoid the imposition of the pressure differential across said pressure responsive member during said predetermined period when the leak rate is below the rate of discharge from said leak-rate chamber.

2. The leak detection apparatus of claim 1 wherein said pressure responsive member comprises a piston slidingly and sealingly disposed in said passage means, said piston having one end exposed to fluid pressure in said leak-rate chamber and the fluid downstream of said valve member and the other end exposed to fluid pressure in said timing chamber, whereby a loss of fluid downstream of said valve member during the predetermined time of discharge of fluid from said timing chamber causes a differential in pressure across said piston, moving said piston to the position wherein it is engageable with said valve member to prevent full opening of said valve member thereby indicating, by reduced flow through said apparatus, that a leak exists downstream of said valve member.

7 8 3. The leak detection apparatus of claim 2 wherein said partition member and the other end engaging said pressure respOnSlve m a Includes: said body means for biasing said partition members a partition member slidingly and sealingly disposed in each said chamber; and a compression spring having one end engaging each in a direction to force fluid out of said chambers. 

1. Improved leak detection apparatus comprising: body means having a flow passageway extending therethrough, an annular valve seat encircling said passageway, a leak-rate chamber in communication with said passageway downstream of said valve seat, a timing chamber in communication with said passageway upstream of said valve seat, and passage means extending between said chambers; a valve member located in said flow passageway for movement toward and away from said valve seat; means biasing said valve member toward said valve seat; pressure responsive means in said chambers; a pressure responsive member located in said passage means and responsive to a pressure differential between said chambers for movement between a position wherein said valve member can move away from said valve seat permitting full flow through said passageway and a position engaging said valve member to limit the mOvement of said valve member away from said valve seat restricting flow through said passageway; means for controlling the rate of discharge from said timing chamber into said passageway upstream of said valve seat whereby said timing chamber will empty in a predetermined period of about twenty seconds; and, means for controlling the rate of discharge from said leak-rate chamber into said passageway downstream of said valve seat for maintaining pressure downstream of said valve seat to avoid the imposition of the pressure differential across said pressure responsive member during said predetermined period when the leak rate is below the rate of discharge from said leak-rate chamber.
 2. The leak detection apparatus of claim 1 wherein said pressure responsive member comprises a piston slidingly and sealingly disposed in said passage means, said piston having one end exposed to fluid pressure in said leak-rate chamber and the fluid downstream of said valve member and the other end exposed to fluid pressure in said timing chamber, whereby a loss of fluid downstream of said valve member during the predetermined time of discharge of fluid from said timing chamber causes a differential in pressure across said piston, moving said piston to the position wherein it is engageable with said valve member to prevent full opening of said valve member thereby indicating, by reduced flow through said apparatus, that a leak exists downstream of said valve member.
 3. The leak detection apparatus of claim 2 wherein said pressure responsive means includes: a partition member slidingly and sealingly disposed in each said chamber; and a compression spring having one end engaging each said partition member and the other end engaging said body means for biasing said partition members in a direction to force fluid out of said chambers. 